Biomedical of Health - 768 Words

The biomedical model of health states that the individual is not responsible for their illness and that the mind and body work independently from each other. Ogden J, (2004) However, for example, in the case of an individual who is suffering from an eating disorder i.e. bulimia, this indicates that there is a clear link between the mind and body due to the sufferer vomiting after ingesting food; therefore resulting in the sufferer being responsible for their physical illness due to psychological illness. The biomedical model also suggests that treatment is to change the physical state of the body and that only the medical profession can treat the sufferer but in this case; this would be very problematic due to the mind causing the†¦show more content†¦This is through the biological (e.g. viruses, bacteria), psychological (e.g. behaviour) and social (e.g. employment, class) factors that can affect health. Ogden, J (2004). The model aims to give the health professional an holistic view of the individual, therefore making prognosis easier and treatment can be varied through a more humane and emotional approach along side a medical approach. Engel p, (cited in Munitz H, et al datastarweb online 2000) wrote a responding letter to Mr Greenberg; the editor of the paper written by Munitz et al, in the letter he states his father when alive argued that speech creates a pathway to information that would not be available by any other means which has a special value in understanding the individuals illness and disease. I believe that the biopsychosocial model of medicine is a more human and emotional model that aims to understand and help the individual as a whole. The application of psychology to health is beneficial to the individual by emphasizing the medical, psychological and social factors that contribute to the cause and effects of health and ill health. Health professionals can analyse all the factors that can affect the individual’s well being and aim at treating the person as a whole. (i.e. Medical professionals can treat the medical factors, Counselling for psychological factors and Social workers/ Community workers for social factors). Health psychology can be crucial in the promotion of healthShow MoreRelatedBiomedical And Social Model Of Health1712 Words   |  7 Pagesfocus on the biomedical and social model of health. It will be critically discussing both models using supporting theories and highlighting the limitations of each. This essay will also discuss and analyse how both models relate to lay perspectives on health and illness. What is health and illness? In order to analyse and critically discuss the two models that are biomedical and social we first have to understand the concept and terms of health and illness. (WHO, 1948) describes health as ‘a stateRead MoreBiopsychosocial and Biomedical Model of Health1648 Words   |  7 Pagesdisease, according to him, this forecast, gave the patient knowledge about his or her condition and indirectly influenced, the being’s mental and physical condition. From these interactions with other people and experiences, Hippocrates wrote about health and healing. After him came Claudius Galen, a greek physician who referred to disease causing organisms as the source of diseases and illness. These organisms are today called pathogens – bacteria, virus and other infectious agents, until his theoryRead More The Biomedical Model of Health Essay1763 Words   |  8 PagesThe bio-medical model of ill health has been at the forefront of western medicine since the end of the eighteenth century and grew stronger with the progress in modern science. This model underpinned the medical training of doctors. Traditionally medicine had relied on folk r emedies passed down from generations and ill health was surrounded in superstition and religious lore with sin and evil spirits as the culprit and root of ill health. The emergence of scientific thinking questioned the traditionalRead MoreBiopsychosocial and Biomedical Model of Health1636 Words   |  7 Pagesdisease, according to him, this forecast, gave the patient knowledge about his or her condition and indirectly influenced, the being’s mental and physical condition. From these interactions with other people and experiences, Hippocrates wrote about health and healing. After him came Claudius Galen, a greek physician who referred to disease causing organisms as the source of diseases and illness. These organisms are today called pathogens – bacteria, virus and other infectious agents, until his theoryRead MoreBiomedical Model And Social Model Of Health1669 Words   |  7 Pagesessay I am going to discuss the biomedical model and social model of health, and see h ow the two relate to Lay perspective on health and illness. AccordingHealth can be viewed as the state of being fit and well, as well as a state of mental sanity (WHO 2005). According to Blaxter (2004), if a person can perform daily functions such as going to work, taking care of the household, etc he/she is considered healthy. Many studies have found that lay people define health as the absence of illness, HoweverRead MoreThe Field Of Biomedical And Health Science Research1792 Words   |  8 PagesUniversity Of New Mexico School Of Medicine in the department of Pathology for almost three years now. The position allows me to work with a strikingly diverse group of people, from other technicians to doctors, surgeons, and PhDs in the field of biomedical and health science research. After I complete my MBA, my goal is to continue on in this field in a managerial capacity and eventually in consulting. I have noted, however, that there are far more women than men working in this field. This non-traditionalRead MoreThe Biomedical Model of Heal th and Illness Essay examples1047 Words   |  5 PagesThe Biomedical Model of Health and Illness The most dominant theory in Modern Western medicine of health and illness, held by many official health practitioners such as doctors, consultants, and surgeons has been labelled the biomedical approach or by some as the biomechanical model. The biomedical model presumes that illness is always due to abnormalities in the bodys workings. It is the basis of modern Western medical practice. It works on the theory that ifRead MoreEssay on Assess the Biomedical and Socio-Medical Models of Health1162 Words   |  5 PagesI am going to write a report assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the biomedical and socio-medical models of health. Biomedical model of health Biomedical model of health is an approach which eliminates psychological and social factors (environment) but only comprises biological issues in trying to recognize or understand an individual`s medical illness/disorder. The biomedical model of health looks upon treatment in expression of changing the body by medical intervention forms. Also thisRead MoreSocial Models Of Health : The Biomedical Model And The Social Model Essay1621 Words   |  7 PagesOver the last 150 years physicians’ views on approaching the diagnosis and treatment of their patients have undergone many changes. Their views refer to the application of two distinct models of health: the biomedical model and the social models. Each model focuses on different causes of disease: the biomedical model predominantly on biological, or proximal causes, and the social models on both the distal and proximal causes, including all social, psychological, biological and behavioural factors. TheRead MoreEssay about Postmo dern Perspective on Health versus the Biomedical Model602 Words   |  3 PagesPostmodern Perspective on Health versus the Biomedical Model I have chosen to compare the postmodern perspective on health and the biomedical model. The biomedical model view of the body is mechanistic. This point was argued by Engels, who said that the body was a machine and the breakdown of this machine was disease. he also beleived that the the doctor was the only one who could fix the machine. this point leads to many biomedical views. Firstly, it shows the way that doctors view the body

A Short Note On Menopausal Women With Schizophrenia

Relationship of Interferon-ÃŽ ³ to Cognitive Function in Midlife and Post-Menopausal Women with Schizophrenia Draft of Paper Kathleen Wilson TITLE: Relationship of Interferon-ÃŽ ³ to Cognitive Function in Midlife and Post-Menopausal Women with Schizophrenia ABSTRACT: Recent literature suggests that schizophrenia is linked to an abnormal response of the immune system. Interferon- ÃŽ ³ is a cytokine that plays an important role in the regulation of the immune system and acts as a mediator between immune stimulation and the kynurenine pathway, which has also been a major area of interest in schizophrenia. Additionally, previous studies have shown that serum Interferon- ÃŽ ³ levels are related to cognitive abilities. The objectives of the present study are to determine if serum cytokines differ in midlife and peri/ post-menopausal women with schizophrenia compared to similarly matched healthy control women and to determine if serum cytokines are correlated with cognitive function differently in these groups. Fourteen midlife (30-70 year-old) female patients with DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and 13 midlife healthy controls were analyzed for this study. Ten of the midlife patients and 8 of the midlife controls met the criteria for perimenopausal or post-menopausal reproductive stage, as defined by Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN). Cytokines were collected from serum blood draws and analyzed at the Cytokine Core Lab at University of Maryland,

Economic Factors on Juvenile Delinquents †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Economic Factors on Juvenile Delinquents. Answer: Introduction: Substance abuse is the use of drugs either by adults or children (juveniles) in a manner that harms themselves or others within the surrounding (Eadie Morley 2003). Juvenile delinquency, according to Nisar, et al. (2015), relates to the situation, where a child is found guilty of an offence or antisocial behavior which is beyond the control of the parents. In this case, the child is taken to the juvenile court to be charged. On the other hand, when adults (above 18 years) misuse drugs they are also taken to the adult court and charged as well. A study conducted by Agnew, et al. (2008) shows that the correlation between the socioeconomic status of the people in Australia is negatively influenced by uncontrolled use of drugs. In fact, Eadie Morley (2003) asserts that for the last 10 years has been experiencing low productivity and increase dependency ratio. The reports from the office of the US. Attorney indicates that crime has been on the rise for the past 10 years. In fact, accord ing to a report published by CDC (2016), both juvenile and adult arrest accounted for 10.2% and 14.1% and these were associated to the increased crime violence in the country that stood at 26% above the minimum standard. In the same report, 695 juveniles aged below 18 years were arrested for murder, 21,993 for the aggravated assault and 2,745 for forcible rape in 2015. On the other hand, the report indicated that adult arrest accounted for murder (24,768) and assault (2,623). The cases and arrests show that the issue is becoming an epidemic in the society and this had promoted a lot of fear among the people from poverty. According to the report prepared by UN (2017), there is an increasing number of violent cases associated to substance usage which are aggravated by the youths and adults in the society. Besides, less research study has been conducted by the scholars about the social and economic consequences of such activities to the society. Many scholars have done research related to the factors which contribute to the actions related to abuse of substance in Australia. In fact, the issue has been on discussion since the early 1920s, showing that it is an essential aspect of the community growth and the country at large. As early as 1927, Bridges (1927) had found that, neighborhood, occupational, school, home, mental conditions are among the factors leading to substance abuse. This study, therefore, is interested in finding the socioeconomic consequences of drug abuse among children and adults in Australia to the contemporary society. This will help the judicial system, the society and the potentia l juvenile offenders, to abstain from it, and become better and law abiding people in the society. The main purpose of this research study is to examine the socioeconomic consequences of drug abuse by either the minor or the adults in Australian society today. To assess the economic factors that causes the substance abuse among families. The study seeks to the objective by answering the following questions. What causes substance abuse among children? What is the major effect of drug abuse in society? What causes substance abuse in adults? Have the use of drug substance affected the contact of the adults? How has the use alcohol or drug substance affected the contact of the adults? Name the main types of substance abuse Do you take any drug substance? Are you contemplating stopping the use of drugs? Do you need any help with regard to the use of drugs? Will you be willing to attend a rehabilitation center if provided? Secondary Sources of Information Family plays an important role in controlling the young generation and ensuring that they operate as required by the law of a country. According to Alboukordi, et al. (2012), juvenile delinquency is a major problem in the contemporary society because, the actions affects both the victims, the perpetrators, the family of both the victim and the perpetrators and the society at large. The research by Alboukordi, et al. (2012) found that the structure of the family plays a major role in predicting the juvenile delinquency behavior. In fact, 51% of the delinquents, reported agony in the structure of their families. The study did not cover, how the delinquents affect their families, which will be covered in this report. According to Ferdoos Ashiq (2015), juvenile delinquency is an old and recurrent phenomenon which has been worsened by the growth of urban development. The study showed that there is an evidence of the general increase in the juvenile crimes in more and large developed cities. Though, Burgess (1952) accepts the fact that, low income is not the only source or single cause of juvenile delinquency, studies have shown that, the rise in family income, enables the families from the delinquency areas to non-delinquency ones. According to Nisar, et al. (2015), the coercion theory plays an important role in explaining the behavior of the minors. Juvenile delinquency is becoming a modern crime problem, according to Ojo (2012), some theories, have been used by sociologists to explain the incidences of delinquencies among the minors. The theories include rational choice theory, strain theory, subcultural theory, social control, differential association and labelling theory. For this study, labelling theory will be expounded to explain the juvenile crime behaviors. According to Ojo (2012), ones the minors have been branded as criminals, they will be likely to cause offence. The idea behind this theory according to Eadie Morley (2003), is that, when a person of group of people are branded to be criminals the community or the justice system, the individuals will begin to believe that the label they have and start identifying themselves with the tag. Ojo (2012) Further claims that, ones the individuals are labelled, they tend to act like social outcasts will lead them to rebel the norms to stand up with the identity. In fact, Walklate (2003) noted that children from the poor backgrounds are more likely to be branded deviants. This analysis by Walklate (2003), helps in explaining why a big number of juvenile delinquency happens in low-class society. The above literature analysis has helped in explaining the nature and causes of juvenile delinquency. However, its impact to the socioeconomic of the society has been tackled. This study will analyses the socioeconomic consequences of such actions to the society. The study will employ the use of frequency tables to determine the level of agreement in terms of percentages by the respondent regarding the variables in question. This process will be chosen due to its simplicity interpretation and analyzing of the data by the researcher (Ojo 2012). The study will also employ the use of primary data, because the data collected represent the real even and also cannot be contaminated (Ojo 2012). Therefore, questionnaires will be used to collect the data The target population for the study will comprise 200 people and this will encompass both children and adult aged between 15 to 65 years to enhance the study relevancy. Therefore, stratified random sampling will be used to distinguish group of children and adults (Ojo 2012). Strata Frequency Percentage (%) Adult 123 61.5 Children 77 38.5 Total 200 100 The sample size of 30 will used based on percentage method that will represented by 15% of the total population. Ojo (2012) asserts that as ample size of 5% to 30% is acceptable to capture the interested of the population. Determination of the Sample Size Strata Population N Factor Size n Percentage (%) Adult 123 0.15 18.45 61.5 Children 77 0.15 11.55 38.5 Total 200 0.15 30 100 The study will strictly conform to the ethical research standards that require assurance of privacy and unanimity of the respondent. Kumar (2014) asserts that ethics as standard norms tend to guide our behaviors towards others and the environment. Collect, Organize and Analyze the Data The section will help to present the data into frequency tables and percentages to help in interpretation and decision making for the researcher. The tables are as illustrated below. According to the figure, majority of the respondents were male with over 50% Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Availability of income 14 43.8 46.7 46.7 peer pressure 8 25.0 26.7 73.3 lack of employment 8 25.0 26.7 100.0 Total 30 93.8 100.0 Missing System 2 6.3 Total 32 100.0 The table shows that 46.7% of the adult interviewed indicated that lack of income was a major cause of the use of substance abuse. On the other hand, 26.7% of the adult interviewed indicated that pear pressure and lack of employment influenced their misuse of drugs. Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid 15-18 years 17 53.1 56.7 56.7 above 18 years 13 40.6 43.3 100.0 Total 30 93.8 100.0 Missing System 2 6.3 Total 32 100.0 The table shows that for the total respondent, 56.7% were aged between 15 18 years (minor) while 43.3% of the people interviewed were aged above 18 years which represented the adults. Fig 5. What causes substance abuse among children? Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Luck of parental mentorship 10 31.3 33.3 33.3 Peer pressure 9 28.1 30.0 63.3 Influence by parents 11 34.4 36.7 100.0 Total 30 93.8 100.0 Missing System 2 6.3 Total 32 100.0 The table shows that shows that influence by parents have a greater (36.7%) impact on the children to abusing drugs. Lack of parental mentorship follows closely with 33.3% while pear pressure accounts for 30% as factor those influences children to abuse drugs in the region. Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Crime 12 37.5 40.0 40.0 school drop out 10 31.3 33.3 73.3 domestic violence 8 25.0 26.7 100.0 Total 30 93.8 100.0 Missing System 2 6.3 Total 32 100.0 According to the table, crime takes a majority resultant effect of drug abuse in the society with 40% impact. School dropout and domestic violence on the other hand, follows closely with 33.3% and 26.7% impact respectively. The figure shows that a majority of the respondents understood the cost implication of the substance abuse the society. Most of the respondents were aware of alcohol as the main substance abuse by over 50% in the region. Over 40% of the respondents rated that alcohol as highly consumed drug in the area. Majority of the respondent, over 50% indicated that use of alcohol and drug substance had increased family negligence by adults. Majority of the respondents indicated that substance abuse had affected the contact of the adults in the society. Over 50% of the respondents are contemplating stopping the use of drugs. Do you need any help with regard to the use of drugs? Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid yes 15 50.0 51.7 51.7 no 14 46.7 48.3 100.0 Total 29 96.7 100.0 Missing System 1 3.3 Total 30 100.0 About 51.7% of the respondents need help regarding the use while 48.3% do not need help. According to the figure, majority of the respondents are willing to attend the rehabilitation center. Majority of the respondents, over 50% indicated that they do not take drugs. The findings show that 46.7% and 26.7% of adults are driven into drug abuse due to increased income and unemployment level respectively. The findings also indicate that over 50% of the respondents were male. On the other hand, 36.7% and 33.3% of the children were influenced by the negligence of the parents to offer guidance and the peer pressure facto respectively. In fact, this misuse of substance contributes to 40% of the level of crime in the society. The crime rate was associated to juvenile delinquency (56.7%) and only 43.3% was associated to adults. On the other hand, majority of the respondents the cost implication of the substance abuse and that most of the adults had been affected with regards to contact and behaviors. The study used limited amount of data and variables which may question the authenticity of the findings. Therefore, I recommend that more research should be done in this field to include more data and variables. I would also recommend that strict measure to be put in place against alcohol brewing to remove the problem in the society. Conclusion In summary, the objective of the study was reached due to the fact that all findings indicated that misuse of substance were a major cause to the criminal activities in the society. in fact, alcohol was the major drug substance which had majorly affected the adults. However, more research needs to be done to enhance the validity of the results. Reference Burgess, E. W. 1952. The Economic Factor in Juvenile Delinquency. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 29-42. Agnew, R., Matthews, S. K., Bucher, J., Welcher, A. N., Keyes, C. 2008. Socioeconomic status, economic problems, and deliquency. SAGE Journal. Alboukordi, S., Nazari, A. M., Nouri, R., Sangdeh, J. K. 2012. Predictive Factors for Juvenile Delinquency: The Role of Family Structure, Parental Monitoring and Delinquent Peers . International Journal of Criminology and Sociological Theory, 770-777. Bridges, K. M. 1927. Factors Contributing to Juvenile Delinquency. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 531-580. CDC. (2016). Youth Violence. CDC. Eadie, T., Morley, R. 2003. Crime, Justice and Punishment in Baldock. Oxford : University Press. Ferdoos, A., Ashiq, A. 2015. Impact of Urbanization on Juvenile Delinquency: A Study of Muzaffarabad Jail. International Journal of Criminology and Sociological Theory, 1014. Nisar, M., Ullah, S., Ali, M., Alam, S. 2015. Juvenile Delinquency: The Influence of Family, Peer and Economic Factors on Juvenile Delinquents. Applied Science Reports, 37-48. Ojo, M. O. 2012. A SOCIOLOGICAL REVIEW OF ISSUES ON JUVELINE DELINQUENCY. The Journal of International Social Research, 468-482. 2017. Juvenile DELINQUENCY. United Nations. Walklate, S. 2003. Understanding Criminology Current Theoretical Debates. : Open University Press.